Adult Fleas are small wingless insects (2-3 mm), flattened side to side and red-brown in colour.
All adult fleas are parasitic on warm-blooded animals.
The larval (maggot-like) stages live in the nests or bedding of the host animal, feeding on skin, feathers and the ‘blood-based’ faeces of the adult flea.
The larvae spin cocoons in which the larvae develops into an adult.
The adult will hatch from the cocoon when a host is detected (usually from vibrations generated by the host).
The complete life-cycle of the flea takes about 4-6 weeks.
The Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) is the cause of over 75% of flea infestations, and readily bites humans.
The Human flea and Bird flea are next of importance. The Dog flea is actually quite rare in the UK.
In some parts of the world Fleas are carriers of disease, such as tapeworms, typhus and the bubonic plague. Rat fleas, in particular, are a prevalent source of murine typhus.
In the UK Fleas are less of a concern from a disease perspective. However, their bites, visible as deep red spots within a reddened area are painful and irritating, and can lead to secondary infections.